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Is going reaction between an ester and sodium carbonate? My thought was: sodium salt creates an alkaline environment, accelerating the saponification of the ester formed carboxylic acid displaces coal of sodium, which is decomposed and carbon dioxide cyanide leaves the reacting mixture. As a result, not only the reaction goes on, but goes to the end. Subtle point here in the decomposition of carbonic acid. Produced a sufficient amount of it? After all, its very presence shifts the equilibrium of the reaction towards the starting materials.
From the viewpoint cyanide of thermodynamics, of course, the reaction proceeds to the end. But it is not very important, because from the point of view of thermodynamics - almost all organic "does not exist." And in fact the reaction will be dragged barely.

Well, thermodynamics - it seems to be that in which state the system will come to the end of time. Stable inorganics will lay as many as put. And organics (not all, but many), roughly speaking, would be oil. Of course, in practice it is possible to cut off the mentally cyanide slow processes, we consider only a single reaction, its Gibbs energy, cyanide equilibrium constant, and everything will be more or less ok. In that sense we say that the reaction cyanide of (this) still have to go all the way. But slowly reaching reactions value of such output is low.
only the ether did not fall Removing products from the place of the accident from the reaction zone only shifts the equilibrium toward the products. So this is just at hand. Another thing is that, for example, glycerol, soon begins cyanide to decompose than evaporate (at atmospheric pressure, for sure), and the water boils much sooner than glycerin (this is the question about the soap making). Can any Literary, where these processes are described cyanide (reaction mechanisms with alkali, salts)?

And then how to separate the glycerin from the salts of carboxylic acids? Sodium chloride, to put it simply - salt solves cyanide the problem. (NaOH certainly efficient) Although it is not clear why this is necessary. On packages steep soap often written - "glycerine"
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